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Legal Separation vs divorce separation

Deciding between legal separation and divorce in California may depend upon personal choice or preferences, but it can impact your future legally, financially, and emotionally. 

Though both address issues ranging from child custody and alimony to property division, legal separation keeps your marital status retained while divorce ends it. 

If you are considering a divorce or legal separation and don’t know which one to choose? Book a free consultation today, and we will help you decide which is right for your needs or situation. 

The good news is that you could start with a legal separation and then later divorce. You don’t need to start with a legal separation. This is a common misunderstanding.

Families First Mediation offers mediation for divorce and legal separation in California,  which is easy and cost-friendly, unlike expensive and lengthy options like litigation.

Legal vs divorce separation - Families First Mediation

In both divorce or legal separation action, you can ask the judge for orders like child support, spousal support, custody and visitation, and domestic violence restraining orders.

However, deciding between legal separation and divorce may depend upon individual choice, preferences, and the need to retain certain benefits. The following are the differences between legal separation and divorce.

1. Marital Status

  • Legal Separation: In a legal separation, you are still married to your spouse and cannot remarry someone else. Hence, it allows you to live apart without terminating a marriage. 

  • Divorce: In a divorce, you are no longer married to your spouse and can remarry.

2. Waiting Period

  • Legal Separation: In a legal separation there is no mandatory waiting period to finalize your legal separation. 

  • Divorce: In divorce, you have a minimum waiting period of 6 months  and it counts from the  day from serving the Petition for Dissolution to when your status can change from married to single.

3. Health Insurance

  • Legal Separation: In a legal separation, you might qualify for health care coverage under your spouse. Check with your insurance carrier.
     
  • Divorce: With a divorce, you may qualify for COBRA benefits once your divorce is final and your health coverage ends.

3. Tax Implications

  • Legal Separation: Your tax filing will still be as a married couple unless a court order designates them as separate for tax purposes. Most likely, you will choose to file married filing separately. 

  • Divorce: In divorce, divorcing couples no longer qualify to file jointly, and they must file taxes separately. 

4. Reconciliation

  • Legal Separation: In legal separation, the couple may hope to reconcile

  • Divorce: Whereas in divorce, the couple has no intention to reconcile.

5. Residency Requirements

  • Legal Separation: You do not need to meet California’s residency requirement to file for a legal separation. Hence, it can be filed immediately upon moving to California.
     
  • Divorce: Filing for divorce in California requires at least six months of residency in California and three months of residency requirements for filing in the county.

6. Social Security and Military Benefits

  • Legal separation: It may enable spouses to retain eligibility for certain benefits, such as access to retirement plans, which might be forfeited after divorce.
  • Divorce: It can affect eligibility for these benefits, especially if the marriage duration criteria are not met. 

Similarities Between Legal Separation and Divorce in California

Both divorce and legal separation share similarities. For example, They both provide legal clarity and enforceable agreements, allowing spouses to live separately.  

Some more similarities between these two are as under: 

1. Court Process

For both legal separation and divorce, you need to petition the court. A judge reviews and finalizes these legal agreements to ensure they are fair and comply with the law.

2. Child Custody and Child Support

Legal separation and divorce involve addressing issues like child custody, visitation, and child support in accordance with California’s family law and the best interest of the child.

3. Spousal Support

Both legal separation and divorce in California allow a spouse to request spousal support. However, the court may review various factors, such as the spouse’s income, marriage length, and financial needs of each party, before deciding on it.

4. Property, Assets and Debts Division

To Both the process, community property laws of California would be applicable, which means that assets and debts acquired during the marriage will be divided equally in case of legal separation or divorce.

5. Living Separately

Legal separation and divorce permit spouses to live separately in terms of financial independence and separate households.

6. Legal Protection

The agreements in both legal processes will be legally binding and enforceable. 

Deciding Between Legal Separation & Divorce in CA

A legal separation may suit best to couples who hope to reconcile or have religious or cultural concerns of not divorcing. Whereas the spouses with irreconcilable differences can choose to divorce and move forward independently. 

 

Hence, choosing between these two may vary from person to person and spouses’ needs. This section will help you decide the right option.

Scenarios When Legal Separation May Be the Better Option

1. Religious or Personal Beliefs

You may not want to divorce because your religion or culture discourages it and prefer living apart in a marital relationship, which favors legal separation. 

Moreover, this arrangement permits you to manage essential legal and financial matters and continue marital benefits without dissolving the marriage.

2. Health Insurance

Numerous health insurance policies permit coverage to persist for a legally separated spouse—something that is not possible following divorce. This factor can be particularly pivotal for one spouse who relies on the employer-sponsored benefits of the other.

3. When You are Uncertain about Divorce

Yes, when couples are uncertain about divorce or reconciliation, they can choose legal separation, which gives time and space to review and assess the marital relationship besides obtaining legal agreement on certain important matters like custody, property division, etc. 

Some couples can use this option as a period of reflection to find clarity regarding their marriage while others might remain uncertain about the future of their marriage. 

Want to pursue or know more about  legal separation action? Book a free consultation call with California’s best legal separation mediator, Dina Haddad. 

Scenarios When Divorce May Be the Better Option

1. Independence and Finality

Getting a divorce is the right choice when both parties wish to end the marriage completely. It allows both parties to move forward independently, manage their affairs without involving their former spouse, and simplify things like financial management and estate planning. 

2. When You Want to Remarry

In the case that one or both spouses want to remarry, a divorce is necessary as it legally ends the marriage, allowing for the spouse to remarry. 

In the case of legal separation, this effect is not present as spouses remain married. 

3. When There Are Irreconcilable Differences

When reconciliation is impossible between spouses, divorce may be the best option to set clear boundaries and get rid of failed relationships and ongoing emotional stress. 

Can you get an automatic divorce in California? How is long separation different from legal separation? Check out this in our guide on ‘Automatic Divorce.’

Benefits and Drawbacks of Legal Separation in California

The following are the pros and cons of legal separation in California

Benefits of Legal Separation

  • Retains Spousal Benefits

Your health insurance and spousal benefits are preserved in legal separation, which may not be possible in case of divorce. 

  • Period of Reflection 

It gives both spouses space and time to determine whether reconciliation or divorce is the right path. 

  • Goes with Religious, Cultural, or Personal Beliefs

Many couples may not consider divorce because it goes against their religious or cultural norms. In that case, legal separation would be a better alternative.

Drawbacks of Legal Separation

  • You cannot Remarry 

In a legal separation, you cannot remarry someone or enter into a domestic partnership in California because you remain married as per California family laws. To remarry, you have to opt for divorce. 

  • Temporary Solution 

It serves as a temporary solution as ongoing emotional stress may be continued to complicate relationships if not resolved. It retains the legal and financial ties between spouses, meaning that spouses may be financially responsible for each other’s debts and inheritance rights. 

Benefits and Drawbacks of Divorce in California

This section throws light on the pros and cons of divorce in California.

Benefits of Divorce

  • Remarriage and Independence 

It allows spouses to end marriage permanently and move forward in their lives or remarry. 

  • Closure of Financial and Emotional Drain

It helps couples resolve entangling issues in marriage and helps couples clarify financial and emotional issues like child custody, property division, and stress, which help them build a future. 

Drawbacks of Divorce

  • Lengthy Process

In California, every divorce has a six-month mandatory waiting period, meaning that the process takes longer to finalize than legal separation. 

  • Adaptability to New Changes 

Divorce brings a lot of changes in the lives of divorcing couples and their children, such as custody arrangements and shared parenting plans, which may be overwhelming. 

  • Marital Benefits 

It ends spousal marital benefits including but not limited to long-term care and joint pension and health care benefits. 

Want to pursue a divorce without a lawyer? Book a free consultation call with California’s best legal separation mediator, Dina Haddad. 

How to Get Legally Separated or Divorced Without a Lawyer?

According to the California Courts Self-Help Guide, the steps to filing legal separation or divorce are the same. These processes can be easily completed even without hiring a lawyer or attending a court trial. 

Hence, mediation is the best route to get legally separated or divorced because it is cost-friendly and less stressful than the other options, allowing couples to take charge of their divorce.

Over the past 21 years, Dina Haddad, a family law divorce mediator, has helped thousands of people with legal separation and divorce with long-lasting and quality agreements.

1. File Documents with the Court

Start your legal separation or divorce by filing necessary court forms, financial disclosures, or any agreement pertinent to custody or property. Our paralegal can help you with the filing procedures, which would maintain accuracy in the documentation and prevent unnecessary delays. 

Related: Legal Separation and 7 Steps of Filing in California

2. Attend Mediation

Use mediation to resolve the issues outside the court and without paying expensive lawyers. 

A neutral mediator in California can assist you in resolving significant issues like child custody, alimony, and property division, helping both parties get a fair and long-term quality agreement. 

Dina Haddad offers a free consultation to couples who are confused about legal separation or divorce. Book yours today.

3. Finalize and Submit the Agreement

Once you reach an agreement with your spouse, the attorney mediator will draft a legally compliant document to submit to the court for final approval. The judge would finalize the legal separation or divorce after reviewing and signing your agreement.

FAQ – Legal Separation vs Divorce

Can I choose to be legally separated?

Both spouses must agree to be legally separated in California. California is a no-fault state. 

In other words, only one spouse can desire a divorce. Only one spouse needs to claim that there are irreconcilable differences to get a divorce. 

You do not have to prove that in court. Thus, if a spouse requests a legal separation but the other requests a divorce, legal separation is not an option for this couple.

Can I change my mind and pursue divorce after legal separation?

Yes, you can file for a legal separation and later go for a divorce action. 

For instance, if you file for a California legal separation, you may later be able to file an amended petition to ask the court for a divorce after you meet the residency requirements. 

You can even start as a divorce, and if both spouses agree, they can pursue a legal separation instead (so long as the divorce has not been finalized).

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